新型冠状病毒离开人体后还能存活吗？如何才能消灭病毒？

（原载于《微医全球》）

More than 850,000 people have infected the novel coronavirus worldwide, and the rapidly increasing number of confirmed cases shows the terrible infectivity of the virus.

全世界新型冠状病毒感染者已经超85万，快速增加的确诊人数凸显了病毒可怕的传染力。

The main route of transmission of the virus is droplet transmission. The pathogens are secreted by infectious agents through droplets from coughing, sneezing, and conversation, which make the susceptible persons inhaled and infected.

病毒的主要传播途径是飞沫传播，病原体由传染源通过咳嗽、喷嚏、谈话排出分泌物和飞沫，使易感者吸入受染。

Droplets generally cannot float in the air, they will stick to objects or land on the ground after being sprayed. Can these viruses survive outside the humans? How long can them survive?

飞沫一般不能在空气中漂浮，被喷出后会附着在物体上或者降落地面。那这些病毒离开人体后还能存活吗？能存活多久呢？

The novel coroningavirus do not die immediately after leaving the body. Living viruses are a potential risk. In addition to waiting for its natural death, what other effective means can eliminate the virus? Today we will introduce three disinfection methods.

新冠病毒离开人体后并不会立刻死亡，活着的病毒是潜在的风险。除了等它自然死亡，还有哪些有效手段能够消灭病毒呢？今天我们就来介绍3种消毒方法。

Medical alcohol/医用酒精
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75% concentration works best, widely used and cheap.

75%浓度的效果最好，适用广泛，便宜。

According to China's "Diagnosisand treatment program of novel coronaviral pneumonia  (trial version 5)", 75% medical alcohol can effectively inactivate the virus. As for the concentration, it isrecommended to purchase commercial medical alcohol directly, and it is difficult to master the concentration by oneself.

根据中国《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案（试行第五版）》介绍，75%医用酒精可有效灭活该病毒。关于浓度，建议直接购买商品化的医用酒精，自行调配比较难掌握浓度。

Operation mode/操作方式

You can use it directly after getting it. It is widely used in a varietyof daily necessities, such as mobile phones, remote controls, computerkeyboards and various electrical switches and buttons.

买回来以后，可以直接使用。普遍适用于各种日用品，比如手机、遥控器、电脑键盘和各种电器开关、按钮都可以用它来消毒。


Notes/注意事项
1.Do not use alcohol for a large area, such as the corridor,conference room, office, etc. are not allowed to use alcohol to spray.

2.Do not smoke while using alcohol.

3.Do not disinfecting clothing with spraying alcohol. It may burn ifexposed to open flames or static electricity.

4.When disinfecting with alcohol ventilation is needed and away from hot objects.No cooking, making phonecalls, smoking, using electric mosquito pats while using alcohol disinfectionin high concentration.

5.When disinfecting the surface of the electrical appliances and thestove, it is necessary to turn off the power supply and fire source first, andto cool the electric appliances and the stove before wiping with alcohol.

6.Store alcohol carefully and keep it out of reach of children.

1.不可将酒精用于大面积喷洒，如楼道、会议室、办公室等都不可以用酒精喷洒消毒。
2.使用酒精时严禁吸烟。
3.不建议使用酒精对衣物喷洒消毒，如遇明火或静电，可能会燃烧。
4.在使用酒精消毒时需要保证通风，并远离高温物体。做饭、打电话、吸烟、使用电蚊拍等行为，在使用高浓度酒精消毒后均不能立即进行。
5.给电器表面和灶台消毒时，应先关闭电源和火源，待电器和灶台冷却后再用酒精擦拭。
6.谨慎储存酒精，不要放置在儿童易于触及的地方。

84 disinfectant/84消毒液
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Bactericidal ability is strong but  irritanting and corrosive.

杀菌灭病毒能力强，但刺激性和腐蚀性也强。

84 disinfectant is a mixture of sodium hypochlorite and sodium chloride.Sodium hypochlorite and hypochlorous acid are strong oxidizer. They can killbacteria and viruses and has a strong corrosive to human cells.

84消毒液是次氯酸钠和氯化钠的混合溶液。次氯酸钠及次氯酸氧化性非常强，不但可以杀灭细菌和病毒，对人体细胞也具有很强的腐蚀性。

Operation method/操作方法

Use after dilution. Check the instructions before use, dilute asrequired, and wear gloves for protection. Widely used for disinfection of generalobject surface, floor, white fabric, public areas and other places.

需要稀释后使用，使用前查看使用说明，按照要求进行稀释，还要戴上手套等进行防护。广泛用于一般物体表面、地板、白色织物、公共区域等地方消毒。

注意事项/Notes
1.84 disinfectant can not be mixed with vinegar, toilet cleaningspirit, washing powder, soda powder.Mixing can produce large amounts ofchlorine gas which results in poisoning.

2.Before disinfection, wear a mask and gloves to avoid thedisinfectant corrosion, irritation of the skin and respiratory mucosa.

3.Wash hands with water to avoid disinfectant residue afterdisinfection.

4.Due to the function of bleaching and fading, 84 disinfectant can notbe used for the disinfection of silk, wool, nylon, leather, color fabric andother articles.

1.84消毒液不能和醋、洁厕灵、洗衣粉、苏打粉等混用。混合后会产生大量氯气，导致人员中毒。
2.消毒前，要佩戴口罩和手套，避免消毒液腐蚀、刺激皮肤和呼吸道黏膜。
3.消毒后一定要用清水洗手，以免消毒液残留。
4.84消毒液有漂白褪色的作用，不可用于丝绸、毛、尼龙、皮革、彩色织物等物品的消毒。

Physical disinfection/物理消毒
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High temperature and ultraviolet ray also can disinfect, be carefulduring the operation.

高温和紫外线也能消毒，但操作要谨慎。

2019-nCoV is sensitive to ultraviolet and heat, so high temperature andultraviolet lamp can be used for disinfection.

新冠状病毒对紫外线和热敏感，所以用高温和紫外线灯，同样能起到消毒的作用。

High temperature disinfection/高温消毒

It needs to be maintained at 56℃ for more than 30 minutes before thevirus can be effectively inactivated. For heat-resistant items, such astableware, toys, bottles and other items, you can disinfect them by boiling inhot water.

需要维持 56℃ 达 30 分钟以上，才可有效灭活，两个条件缺一不可。对于耐热物品，比如餐具、玩具、奶瓶等物品，可以采用热水煮沸的方式消毒。

Notes/注意事项
Taking a hot bath, sauna, blowing hot air conditioning, turning on fullheating, etc., the temperature can not reach the disinfection requirement so itis impossible to inactivate virus. If the water temperature is too high and donot pay attention, it may cause burns and other conditions.

洗热水澡、蒸桑拿、吹热空调、开足暖气等方式，升高的温度达不到这个条件，也就不可能达到灭活病毒的效果。如水温过高不注意，还可能造成烫伤等情况。

Ultraviolet disinfection/紫外线消毒

If rely on sunshine only, ultraviolet intensity is insufficient and withno disinfection effect .Ultraviolet lamp, what need to notice is that medicaltreatment and household ultraviolet lamp have distinction on the effect. Theroom area that home ultraviolet lamp can disinfect effectively is determined bythe specific instructions. Even withgood disinfection effect, ultravioletlamp is not recommended for  commonpeople to use at home due to caution in the operation.

如果只靠日照，紫外线强度不够，消毒的效果不好。而紫外线灯，需要注意的是，医用和家用紫外线灯，在功效上是有区别的。家用紫外线灯能够有效消毒的房间面积，需要根据具体说明书判定。紫外线灯虽有很好的消毒效果，但操作需谨慎，不建议普通人居家使用。

Notes/注意事项
1.Ultraviolet disinfection lamp, must be used in the room withoutpeople and pets.

2.When using ultraviolet disinfection lamp, must follow a principle personout when the light on, turn off the light before person enters . Once turnon the light, leave the room quickly.

3.ventilation for at least 30 minutes after completion ofdisinfection.

1.紫外线消毒灯，必须在室内没有人及宠物的情况下使用。
2.使用紫外线杀菌灯时，一定要遵循“人走开灯、人进关灯”的原则，开灯后要迅速离开房间。
3.消毒完成后至少需要通风30分钟以上。


In addition to the above disinfection measures, frequent hand washing, regular ventilation, less going out, no gathering, and wearing a mask are the most effective means of protection. Insist on doing these things, the epidemic  will be brought under control as soon as possible!

除了以上消毒措施之外，勤洗手，勤通风，少出门，不聚集，戴口罩，是最有效的防护手段。坚持做好这些，疫情一定能尽早得到控制！